Boy with brown hair drinks yellow liquid while mom sits beside.
02 Dec
babies, children, germ woes, staying healthy

Dehydration in Kids

We’ve all been there; your kiddo or baby is sick, loses their appetite, and isn’t motivated to drink. You may be surprised to hear that, as pediatricians, we don’t worry so much about a child not wanting to eat, even for a few days! Instead, our primary concern is preventing dehydration. Dehydration occurs when fluid intake is insufficient to meet the body’s needs or to keep up with fluid losses. Small children and babies can go a few days without eating much without any issues, but without drinking enough, they can become dehydrated fast! This is especially true if they have vomiting or diarrhea. Read on for signs of dehydration in kids, tips for preventing and treating dehydration at home, and when to bring them to see a healthcare provider. 

 

Signs your baby or child may be dehydrated:

Early signs of dehydration in kids can be subtle; look for decreased energy, dry lips, dark urine. Other more significant signs include:

  • Decreased urination or wet diapers – less than one void every 4-6 hours
  • Dry lips and mouth
  • Fussy and irritable (even after fever is treated)
  • Reduced or no tears when crying
  • Sunken eyes
  • Flattened soft spot (fontanelle) in an infant
  • Very sleepy or lethargic

When to call your healthcare provider:

  • Fever in an infant under three months of age
  • Any of the above signs not improving
  • No wet diaper or urination in 8 hours
  • Difficulty breathing or very fast breathing
  • Bluish color to the face or lips
  • Very sleepy or lethargic

How do I prevent or treat dehydration at home?

In many cases, encouraging plenty of fluids can help prevent dehydration in kids and babies. If a child has mild hydration, similarly, there are things you can do at home to increase their fluid intake. However, in some situations, it can be too challenging to manage or the dehydration may be significant enough to warrant medical help. Therefore, if your child shows signs of dehydration and is not improving or if they start to show any signs of more significant dehydration, it is best to bring them to a healthcare provider asap. In some cases, the best dehydration treatment involves IV fluids. Remember, dehydration can be life-threatening, so don’t hesitate if you are concerned.

 

Top tips to prevent dehydration babies and kids:

Think about fluid intake early and try to push those liquids before your little one gets behind. 

  • Breastfeeding and bottle-fed babies should be encouraged to eat on their regular schedule and if taking less each feed, then offer feeds more frequently.
  • Don’t give water to babies under six months.
  • Consider an oral rehydration solution such as ORS powders or Pedialyte, especially if they aren’t eating to replenish electrolytes (safe for any age.)
  • Other fluids to try:
    • Half juice/half water (sugary drinks can make diarrhea worse, but may be helpful when diluted if they are refusing other options)
    • Clear broths
    • Popsicles! These can be a great trick for kids since they taste good, and the novelty makes them extra appealing. Pedialyte pops are a pediatrician fav!
  • If your older baby or child is well enough to eat, you can offer foods with added fluids.
    • You can add breastmilk or broth to pureed foods.
    • Puree pouches contain a fair amount of liquid and are easy to eat, even if appetites are low.
    • You can try offering fruits with a high water content, like watermelon.
  • If your child has frequent vomiting, refrain from offering food until they can keep fluids down. Focus on tiny sips of clear liquids frequently. Be sure to provide drinks with electrolytes.
  • Do not give your child medicine to stop diarrhea unless your pediatrician advises.
  • Do not give Pepto Bismol to children under the age of 12 years old. 
  • In a pinch, use a medicine syringe. 
    • For young children and babies who are flat-out refusing to drink, a last-ditch effort can be to administer small amounts of fluid the same way you would medicine. 
    • Using a medicine syringe to the back of the cheek, administer 15-30ml of breastmilk, Pedialyte or ORS every 10-15 minutes.

It can be worrying and difficult when your baby or child refuses to drink, but knowing what to do and what signs to look for can help you be prepared and get help when needed. Check out the resources below for more information!

Healthychildren.org – Dehydration

Cleveland Clinic – Dehydration and your child

Kidshealth.org – Dehydration

Close up image of crying baby
04 Nov
babies, children, germ woes

RSV in babies and kids

RSV has been all over the news lately due to an early rise in cases this season. Never fear, there is no reason to panic, but it is always helpful to be informed! RSV is not new, it’s a common virus that causes cold symptoms in most of us, but we are seeing more cases and more severe symptoms in some people this season. Read on for more info about RSV in kids and babies, why it is on the rise, and what steps you can take to protect your family. 

 

What is RSV?

RSV stands for Respiratory Syncytial Virus. In most people, it is a virus that causes cold symptoms such as runny nose, cough, and sometimes fever. However, in certain groups, like babies and young kids, it can cause more severe symptoms. Most children have already been infected with RSV by the time they are preschool age. 

Which children are at increased risk for more severe RSV?

In specific populations, especially young infants, RSV can cause inflammation in the lower lungs and small airways, leading to Bronchiolitis or Pneumonia. Children at higher risk from RSV include:

  • Babies under age two, but especially infants under three months
  • Some premature infants that are low birth weight or have chronic lung disease 
  • Children with severe asthma or other chronic lung problems
  • Babies or children with certain heart defects
  • Weakened immune systems due to a condition or medications

What are the Symptoms of RSV in babies and kids?

Symptoms of RSV in the Upper respiratory tract include:

  • Fever (temperature > 100.4)
  • Cough
  • Runny nose
  • Sore throat
  • Decreased appetite
  • Fussiness 

Symptoms of Bronchiolitis or RSV in the lower respiratory tract:

  • Cold symptoms, in addition to signs of respiratory distress:
    • Wheezing
    • Rhythmic grunting with breathing
    • Fast breathing
    • Head bobbing with breaths
    • Using extra muscles to breathe, which looks like belly breathing or pulling in under the ribs and above the sternum.
    • Flaring of the nostrils

How is RSV diagnosed?

Healthcare providers diagnose RSV by asking about your child’s symptoms and performing a physical exam. There is also a nose swab test for RSV. If your child has symptoms of lung congestion or is showing signs of bronchiolitis, they may also check an oxygen level and possibly order a chest X-ray. Most of the time, since RSV is usually mild and resolves on its own, further testing isn’t necessary. However, if your child is at risk for more severe symptoms or lives with someone at higher risk, it may be worth asking your doctor about a test for RSV. 

How to treat RSV?

Just like a common cold, there is no cure for RSV. However, things that can help your child feel better include what would help with any bad cold:

  • Nasal saline and suction
  • Medicine for pain or fever, like Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or Ibuprofen (Motrin, only in babies over six months)
  • Honey for cough if your child is over age one year.
  • Humidifier
  • A menthol-based chest rub may be helpful if your child is over the age of two years.
  • Plenty of fluids/frequent small feedings in infants

 

When should you call your doctor?

Call your doctor right away if your child has any of these symptoms:

  • Signs of bronchiolitis
  • Difficulty breathing or pauses in breathing
  • Bluish color around the mouth
  • Signs of significant dehydration – less than one wet diaper every eight hours, not making tears, dry mouth and lips
  • Persistent fever or symptoms not improving after seven days

Why does RSV seem so much worse this season?

RSV is not a new scary virus; it is around yearly, typically in fall to early spring. However, one reason there seems to be such a boom in cases is that the safety precautions we practiced during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic also protected us from spreading RSV and other respiratory viruses. As a result, cases of RSV and other viruses significantly decreased over the last couple of years. Since most regions began lifting requirements for masking and distancing last year, we are seeing RSV and other respiratory viruses re-emerge in full force! In addition, many children in daycare or school who typically would have already been infected are now being exposed for the first time, which can mean their symptoms are more severe. 

How can you prevent RSV?

RSV spreads in the same way a cold does, through droplets from someone who is infected with the virus. Steps to take to help protect your family from RSV include:

  • Good hand hygiene – Teach your family to wash hands well and frequently with soap and water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
  • Limit exposures – If you have a young infant, avoid crowded places during the cold and flu season and keep them away from anyone with cold symptoms. Keep kids home when sick and show them how to cough and sneeze into their elbows. 
  • Immunizations – Although there is not currently a vaccine against RSV, you can help keep your child healthy by ensuring they are up to date with their other immunizations, including a yearly flu shot. In addition, if you have a newborn or young infant at home, adults who spend time in close proximity should be vaccinated against the flu and make sure their Tdap vaccine, which protects against whooping cough, is up to date.
  • Protect your child from secondhand smoke exposure.
  • Breastmilk has also been shown to decrease the frequency of particular infections by providing antibodies. 
  • There is a monoclonal antibody treatment for high-risk babies, such as very premature infants or those with chronic lung disease. 
  • In addition, trials are underway for an RSV vaccine with some promising preliminary results.

As always, if you have concerns about your child’s specific risks or symptoms, talk with your pediatrician. We wish you a happy and healthy start to the holiday season! Remember, wash your hands, stay home when sick, and get your flu shot!

 

More resources:

CDC – RSV in infants and young children

Healthychildren.org – RSV

child in a hat rides in a toy car through a grove of trees
11 Jul
babies, children, just for fun, parenting zen

Road tripping with kids

The summer is a great time to travel with the family, but with airline prices and pandemic worries, flights may not seem the most appealing way to journey at the moment. Instead, a good old road trip can be a great way to get a change of scenery without as much hassle. Road tripping as a family can be a great way to travel. You get to go at your own pace and avoid the stress of air travel. However, hitting the road with kids can come with its own complications! So here are some useful tips to help you plan a fun and easy road trip with the kids this summer! 

Set expectations ahead of time! 

  • If you haven’t done many long car rides with the kids before, you can help them mentally prepare by discussing the plan and what it’ll be like in advance. 
  • Make it something to look forward to! Keep it positive and highlight some planned stops along the way or the fun final destination!
  • Be sure to emphasize any challenging situations you anticipate or road trip rules like using the potty before leaving and at stops, keeping hands to ourselves (if you have siblings that tend to bicker), etc. 
  • Let the kids help choose and pack their car supplies depending on their age! What toys do they want to bring? What snacks?
    • Obviously, you get the final say and should give them parameters, so you don’t end up bringing a gallon-sized tub of gummy bears and every toy car they own!
    • For example, “Pick 2 activities and 3 toys you would like to bring.” “Do you want to bring apples or oranges?” “Cheese sticks or peanut butter crackers?”

Strategies for planning departure time and stops:

  • Best time to leave:
    • One strategy is to either leave early when the kids might fall back to sleep for a bit or to leave just before nap time. 
    • This can backfire if kids get over tired, though. 
    • For tricks to help your kiddo sleep in the car, check out “How to encourage car naps” below. 
    • If you opt not to leave early in the morning, try to plan some active time before hitting the road to use up some of that energy!
  • Planning pit-stops:
    • Every kid and every drive is different. Sometimes it is better to keep going if kids are happy or sleeping and see how many miles you can get under your belt. Other times, it may be more important to stop frequently to keep spirits up, get the wiggles out and prevent major meltdowns. 
    • As a general rule of thumb, it is best to stop every 2-3 hours at least to give your little ones a break from the car seat. If you have a newborn or young infant in the mix, you won’t have much choice as you’ll have to stop every couple of hours to feed them.
    • It’s helpful to scope out potential stops beforehand and choose scenic spots with space for kids to run around or playgrounds.

Prepare for messes!

  • Car messes are the worst, but they will happen when road tripping with kids despite your best efforts! Between spills, potty accidents, and bouts of car sickness, the possibilities are endless. 
  • Bring basic cleaning supplies: paper towels or extra wipes, spray cleaner, garbage bags, and at least one handy change of clothes, maybe more if you have an infant! 

Keep them busy!

  • Even though we all hope the littles will just sleep, it doesn’t always work out that way.
  • Pack a few different activities to keep them entertained and avoid the dreaded chorus of “I’m boooored!” 
  • If your family uses screens/tablets occasionally, road trips are a great time to bust them out. Download some kid-friendly movies or educational shows and games. 
  • Other screen-free ideas are books, playdough or silly putty, water wow coloring books, busy books, magnet puzzles/games, simple crafts for older kids, etc. 
  • You might want to invest in an organizational tray that attaches to the car seat, so kiddos have a place to set their activities and snacks.

Snacks!

  • Have we mentioned snacks? Snacks are always a good idea, but can make or break the experience when road tripping with kids!
  • Not only does hunger tend to strike at inconvenient times, but snacks also occupy little hands and keep spirits up! 
  • Pack a variety of healthy snack options and beverages. Maybe don’t go overboard on drinks if you want to avoid excessive potty stops, though! 
  • For snacks, think healthy and satisfying like fruit, cheese, nuts (if your child is over 4 because of choking risk,) crackers, etc.

How to encourage car naps:

Car naps are not guaranteed, but they are definitely appreciated!

  • Incorporate as much of your child’s naptime routine as you can:
    • Sing the same songs,
    • Bring their lovey or blanket,
    • Use a portable white noise machine if they’re used to one at home. And if you don’t typically use one, consider trying it! White noise can greatly help initiate and maintain sleep and also helps with sleeping in different environments. 
  • Make sure the car temperature is comfortable and on the cooler side.
  • Dress them comfortably; consider putting them in lightweight PJs for the drive, take shoes off, etc. 

 

Dealing with Car Sickness:

Car sickness is very common and a frustrating problem for many parents. If your child gets car sickness, try these tips:

  • Give them a light bland snack before the trip.
  • Distract them with stories or music. Screens or books may not be the best choice for children who get car sick.
  • Encourage them to look out the window. For babies, window stickers or toys that suction to the window may encourage them to look outside.
  • Take frequent breaks and allow older children to sit or lie down, give babies a break from the car seat.
  • Talk with your healthcare provider about medications like diphenhydramine (benadryl,) or dramamine that may help. They may cause drowsiness and other side effects so be sure to discuss with your healthcare provider prior to use.

Car seat safety:

Proper car seat safety is always essential, but road tripping with kids is an excellent excuse to ensure yours is up to snuff.

  • Does your child still fit within the weight and/or height requirements? 
  • Has the seat been involved in a crash, even minor? If so, it should be replaced. 
  • Remember, rear-facing is the safest so keep them in this position as long as possible. Kids are flexible, so even if their legs are bent, it is not as uncomfortable as it looks!
  • Go here for more information and tips on car seat use and safety. 

 

Woman hiking with baby in hiking carrier looking out at half dome in yosemite.
30 Jun
babies, children, just for fun, outdoor fun, parenting zen, safety first

Hiking with babies and kids

Hiking with kids is a great way to spend time in nature, get some exercise and have fun together. Time outdoors has physical and emotional health benefits and is good for the whole family! You might decide this is the summer to explore your local hiking trails, or perhaps you’re planning a family vacation and want to get the whole crew out on the trails. Great! Hiking with kids might sound daunting, though. What do you need to bring? How far can they go? What if they hate it? Don’t fear! Read on for our best tips and gear list for hiking with kids, whether you’re a hiking pro or brand new! 

What gear do you need?

Fortunately, you don’t need much for hiking, especially when you’re starting out. Still, it is good to have some essentials and consider additional back country supplies if you start to get into bigger adventures.

Dress for the weather and bring layers!

Remember, there is no bad weather – only bad gear! 

  • Invest in quality outdoor clothing and accessories for kiddos, especially when it comes to cold-weather gear – if they’re comfortable, they’ll enjoy it more!
  • In warmer months, lightweight but full-coverage UV clothing is a great way to protect little ones’ from sunburns and bug bites! 
    • There are many options for stretchy, lightweight footy PJs that work great for babies. 
  • Don’t forget hats and sunglasses for added sun protection!
  • Especially for little ones, it’s a good idea to throw a backup outfit in the pack and maybe an extra shirt for you! Spit-ups and blowouts are always only a hiccup away!

Footwear: 

  • Comfortable shoes with good grippy bottoms and protection from stubbing toes on rocks will do the trick! 
  • It is worth looking into hiking-specific shoes if you are doing more rugged hikes.
  • Hiking sandals are a great option if you plan to hike somewhere warm with lots of water. The kids can tromp around in streams and puddles, and you don’t have to worry about shoes getting wet.

Hiking carriers:

  • For babies and toddlers, it is worth looking into a hiking carrier to carry them more comfortably. 
  • When they are very young a soft carrier or regular infant carrier is fine, but as they get more weight and you do longer hikes you’ll want something with more support.
  • Even if your child is an older toddler and walking, it’s not a bad idea to have a carrier in case they get tired, and you need to carry them out.
  • There are tons of good options these days for every price bracket. 
  • We recommend heading to your local outdoor gear shop and trying some out! 
  • Look for packs that are comfortable and will grow with your child. Comfortable back straps, a waist strap, and a chest clip provide extra comfort and support. 
  • Bonus if they have a removable shade cover and a generous storage pocket or two.

First aid kit/safety supplies:

  • Building a simple hiking first aid kit is a smart investment; bandages, ointment, pain medicines (acetaminophen or ibuprofen,) tweezers. 
  • You can add to it if you decide to do more extensive hikes or overnights like backpacking.
  • Don’t forget sunscreen and bug spray!
  • Baby wipes can serve a variety of purposes so also a good thing to have on hand!

Consider these items for longer or more adventurous hikes!

  • Headlamp
  • Extra layers
  • An emergency blanket and/or shelter
  • Compass
  • GPS device (many have satellite capabilities for use out of cell range)
  • Quick shelter
  • Matches
  • Water filter tabs or filter straw

Tips for hiking with kids!

Start small!

  • Whether you’re getting started hiking with a baby in a pack or older child hiking on their own, it is a good idea to start with shorter hikes to keep it positive and build confidence!
  • How far can kids go? 
    • This depends on many factors, but a general rule of thumb is a mile per year of age. That being said, some kids can do more, especially if you work up to it! 
    • Start with shorter hikes and incorporate lots of snack breaks!

Bring lots of snacks and water!

  • Seriously, you can’t have too many snacks and bring plenty of water.
  • It’s best to bring more than you think you’ll need!
  • Pack various healthy options to fuel your little hikers; fruit, nuts, cheese, crackers, fruit pouches and maybe some special treats for when they (or you) need a little extra motivation to get to the finish line.

Think like a kid and let the little ones lead sometimes!

  • For bigger kiddos doing some walking, it is great to let them set a pace and explore! 
  • Don’t forget, it is not just about a certain distance or destination after all, but the joy of the journey! 
  • Kids are naturally curious and want to check out their surroundings, look at bugs and plants and find the perfect walking stick. Instead of rushing them, follow their lead! 
  • Incorporate games like “I spy,” or nature treasure hunts to keep everyone engaged and happy! 

Be flexible and have fun!

Do not, I repeat, do not get it in your head that you will complete the entire hike that you have envisioned every time. If you do, fantastic, major win! If not, you get credit for just getting out and trying, and there is always a next time!

  • Embrace the chaos – try not to sweat the small stuff!
    • You’re bound to forget things, messes, and cranky kids and parents will happen. 
  • Some adventures will inevitably be cut short, but you’ll learn something every time. 
  • Try to end on a high note if you can and call it a day before everyone is overtired and you’re out of snacks. 

For more great info on hiking as a family and tips on supplies check out these resources:

REI – Hiking with kids

National Park Service – Hiking with kids

toddler smiling in an innertube floatie in a swimming pool
24 Jun
babies, children, outdoor fun, parenting zen, safety first

Water safety with kids

It’s hard to imagine summer fun without playing in and around the water! Kids of all ages love it. It’s a great way to stay cool and burn off excess energy. But as much as we hate to think of it, the truth is drowning is a real risk. The risk is highest amongst children ages 1-4 making water safety with kids a major public health issue. In fact, according to the CDC, More children ages 1–4 die from drowning than any other cause of death except congenital disabilities. For children ages 1–14, drowning is the second leading cause of unintentional injury or death after motor vehicle crashes. 

Now that we’ve sufficiently ruined your day, we’ll try to boost your mood with some of our top tips for water safety with kids and ideas to enjoy the water in a fun and safe way!

Got a pool? Use layers of protection!

The key to childproofing a pool at home is to use more than one water safety barrier!

  • Secure your pool with fencing at least 4 feet high that surrounds all four sides and doesn’t have gaps. 
  • Consider a tight cover or netting.
  • Use safety locks on doors that lead to yards with bodies of water. 
  • Consider a pool alarm as well if you have young mobile kids. 
  • Remove all pool toys from the pool when done swimming.
  • Empty or securely cover baby pools after use 
  • Consider a water submersion device, especially if staying at a vacation rental or accommodation without barriers around the pool.

Assign a water watcher in group swim situations

  • Group swimming situations can be loud and chaotic, and drowning can sadly be silent and subtle.
  • Always assign a designated water safety watcher because if “everyone” is watching, often it means no one is watching.
  • Even better is a physical item to identify the water watcher, like a baton or lanyard that can then be handed off when the next water watcher takes over.

Swim lessons early! 

The skill of swimming is the most important step for water safety with kids.

  • It is never too early to start!
  • Teaching kids to swim does not increase the risk of drowning; it reduces it!
  • Consider infant survival swim courses if available in your area.

Floaties are a great safety tool but not a substitute for swim safety skills.

  • Floaties/coast guard certified life jackets should be used in open water situations like the beach or a boat or can be helpful if you are managing more than one little one who can’t swim.
  • Floaties keep kids in head-up feet down position that doesn’t facilitate swimming and can give them a false sense of confidence.

CPR training

  • Even with optimal safety measures, accidents can happen. CPR training is an excellent skill that may save a life one day. 
  • Find courses in your area here. 

Don’t forget small bodies of water.

Safety around pools and open water is more obvious, but it is just as important to consider other water hazards at home.

  • Block off pet water bowls.
  • Empty buckets and other standing water after use.
  • Secure bathrooms and toilets with child safety latches.
  • Empty the bath and remove all bath toys after use.

Talk to your kids about water safety. 

  • Talk to your kids about being safe around the water as soon as possible. 
  • Establish rules and expectations around water that you remind them of often. 
  • Set boundaries for where they can go and reinforce that they should never go in the water without a supervising adult. 

Ideas for water fun if you don’t have a pool nearby!

As temperatures get higher and kids get bored, a pool can sound like the perfect solution. But a lot of us don’t have one and may not have easy access to one in our town. Here are some other fun water activities to stay cool and have fun! And don’t forget sun protection! Read about the best tips for sun protection in babies and kids here.

  • Sprinklers – old school, but always fun.
  • Water table, or fill a bin with water and assorted bowls and cups
  • Splash pad – your town may have a public splash pad in a nearby park, or there are affordable versions that attach to a hose you can buy for yourself.
  • Slip and slide
  • Check out more fun ideas here!
  • And here are some great ideas specifically for toddlers.

For more info and resources about water safety, check out these helpful sites.

AAP drowning prevention

Healthychildren.org water safety and young children

 

two children on the beach put sunscreen on eachother's faces
20 Jun
babies, children, outdoor fun

What is the best sunscreen for kids?

What is the best sunscreen for kids? Whatever you have handy! Any sunscreen in addition to other sun protective measures is better than none. Not only are sunburns uncomfortable, but exposure to UV rays also increases our risk of skin cancers and expedites signs of aging. For young ones, this is particularly important. They are outside more and rely on grownups to cover and protect them adequately. They also have thinner, more sensitive skin, and sun damage is cumulative! Although we are discussing sun safety for kids, these tips apply to all of us! It is never too late to start implementing adequate sun protection. Read on for more specific tips about the safest and most effective sun protection!

Sun Protection for Babies:

You may have heard that you can’t use sunscreen in babies under six months, but that is not true! Read on for how best sun protection for your littlest humans.

  • Babies under six months should be kept out of direct sunlight as much as possible. 
  • This doesn’t mean you shouldn’t take them outside, but it does mean keeping them covered and protecting them with shade as much as you can. 
  • Limit time in the sun during peak hours, between 10 am and 2 pm.
  • If shade isn’t available, you can use shade tents, umbrellas at the beach and park, and lightweight sun covers over strollers or carriers. 
  • Cover as much of their skin as possible with lightweight, long-sleeved shirts, pants, and sun hats. 
  • If there are small areas exposed like hands, feet, and face, it is ok and recommended to use sunscreen in these areas.

What is the best sunscreen for babies?

We recommend physical sunscreens using mineral-based ingredients like zinc oxide or titanium dioxide as the best sunscreen options for babies. This is because there is less risk of skin irritation, and the ingredients are generally safer and better for the environment.

Sun Protection for Kids:

The best sun protection for kids includes a combination of sunscreen and barriers!

  • Over six months, apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen to any exposed skin areas. 
  • Apply everywhere generously! 
  • It is also best to use 15-30 minutes before sun exposure so it has time to dry.
  • Reapply every 2 hours or after swimming, sweating, or wiping with a towel.
  • The tips above about shade and protective clothing for babies also apply to older kids and their grownups!
  • Apply sunscreen whenever you and your kiddo go outside, even on cloudy or rainy days!

What are Physical versus Chemical sunscreens?

  • Chemical Sunscreens work like a sponge and absorb UV rays.
  • Physical Sunscreens work like a shield deflecting damaging UV rays away from your skin. These are also called mineral sunscreens. 

What to look for in a sunscreen

The best sunscreens have the following characteristics:

  • Broad-spectrum.
  • SPF 30 or higher.
  • Paraben and phthalate free
  • Environmentally friendly (no Oxybenzone)
  • We prefer mineral sunscreens (Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide) due to less risk of skin irritation, a better safety profile, and they tend to be more environmentally friendly. 
  • Still, ANY sunscreen, including chemical sunscreen, is safe and better than none!

What is the best sunscreen for sensitive skin?

Just like for babies, physical (mineral) sunscreens are your best bet for those with sensitive skin. Also, look for fragrance-free, hypoallergenic, phthalate, and paraben-free. Of course, you may also opt for sunscreens marketed for sensitive skin, but check the label to make sure!

Can sunscreen make you Vitamin D deficient?

Vitamin D is a nutrient that helps keep our bones strong and healthy and may play a role in muscle and immune function. When your skin is exposed to sunlight, your body produces Vitamin D. Some people are under the impression that you shouldn’t wear sunscreen all the time to get enough vitamin D. However, this is not true! You can still maintain your Vitamin D levels without putting yourself at risk for skin cancers!

  • There is no link between daily sunscreen use and Vitamin D deficiency.
  • It doesn’t take much sun exposure for your body to produce Vitamin D! 
  • No sunscreen is perfect, and we usually don’t apply it perfectly, allowing enough UV exposure to produce Vitamin D. 
  • You can consider putting sunscreen on after a brief period outside, 10-15 minutes, to allow for some direct sun exposure for vitamin D production while avoiding prolonged risk.
  • The risks of skin cancer from sun exposure far outweigh any risk of daily sunscreen use and potential vitamin D deficiency.
  • You can also get vitamin D in your diet! Foods containing vitamin D include fatty fish, egg yolks, fortified milk, and OJ. 
  • You can also take a supplement with vitamin D, but check with your physician for your correct dose! 

Are Sunscreens Safe?

Yes, consistent sunscreen use is safe and recommended!

  • The safety of certain sunscreen ingredients is a hot topic currently, but don’t let misinformation scare you out of using it!
  • The FDA is advocating for more safety data on several chemical sunscreen ingredients to determine how much they are absorbed into the skin and whether or not it is harmful if they do.
  • However, their recommendation is NOT to STOP using these sunscreens. 
  • The FDA has reported enough data on two sunscreen ingredients to consider them “generally safe and effective;” Zinc Oxide and Titanium Dioxide (aka. Mineral sunscreens.)
  • Some ingredients in chemical sunscreens are harmful to the environment, particularly the coral reefs, namely Oxybenzone.

Take-Aways

  • Sun protection is super important for little ones and ourselves!
  • It is best to use a combination of physical barriers like shade, clothing, and hats in addition to sunscreen.
  • For babies under six months, focus on avoiding prolonged exposure to direct sunlight by keeping them in the shade or covered as much as possible. Use a mineral sunscreen on areas that are not covered. 
  • For the rest of us, in addition to physical barriers, liberally apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher! And don’t forget to reapply! 

 

02 Jun
babies, children, germ woes, staying healthy

How Can I Boost My Child’s Immune System?

“Immune Boost” is a popular buzzword these days, especially going into the third year of a global pandemic! Parents are eager to find ways to support their child’s immune system and help their families stay healthy! However, much of the popular advice circulating on the internet isn’t accurate or scientific. The good news is in addition to a healthy lifestyle; there is research to show certain supplements can help strengthen the immune system! Here we will talk about what you can do at home to help your family stay healthy!

Healthy lifestyle matters! The common wisdom that good nutrition, sleep, daily exercise, and low stress can help you stay healthy is true!

References:

CDC: 6 tips to Enhance Immunity

The compelling link between physical activity and the body’s defense system

Impact of Lifestyle on Health

We also recommend appropriate vaccines if your child is eligible since these prime immunity against certain infections. As wonderful as nourishing our children’s bodies and supporting their immune systems are, these things do not provide targeted protection against specific illnesses. Many vaccine-preventable diseases can cause severe illness and be life-threatening. Vaccines offer safe and effective protection. If you have concerns or questions, please discuss them with your health care provider. Also, don’t forget the importance of handwashing, especially during cold and flu season!

Vaccine Safety

Did you know not all immune support is the same? Studies show certain supplements help prevent common infections like colds and diarrheal illness and others help decrease the duration or severity of illnesses when they occur! Read on for more info and a breakdown of the supplements shown to help prevent certain infections and those that can help you recover faster!

Immune boosting supplements to help prevent colds and diarrheal illnesses

 

Vitamin D    

What is it?

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that helps with calcium absorption. It also plays an important role in immune health, muscle function, and brain cell activity.

How does it boost the immune system?

Studies show regularly taking a Vitamin D supplement can reduce the number of colds you get, especially if you have low vitamin D levels!

How to get it: 

  • Food: It is hard to get enough Vitamin D from foods alone, but you can get it from fortified milk, cereal, and fatty fish. 
  • Sun: Your body can also make vitamin D when the skin is exposed to direct sunlight. However, it is difficult to make enough from this method alone as there are risks from unprotected sun exposure like sunburns and skin cancer. Therefore a supplement is usually your best bet.
  • Supplements: Studies show good results taking doses of vitamin D ranging from 400 IU/day to 2000 IU/day. The specific amount depends on age and vitamin D level, so discuss with your healthcare provider for personalized recommendations.

Safety: Vitamin D supplementation is very safe for most people! Taking too much Vitamin D, however, can be a bad idea. It can lead to hypercalcemia, a condition in which too much calcium builds up in the blood, potentially forming deposits in the arteries or soft tissues. It may also predispose to painful kidney stones. Don’t take more than the recommended daily allowance unless advised by a physician (see table below.)

References:

Table of Recommended Daily Allowance for Vitamin D

Table of Recommended Daily Allowance for Vitamin D

Probiotics:

What is it?

Probiotics are live microorganisms that are the same or similar to the organisms that live in our bodies. 

How does it boost the immune system?

Research shows Probiotics can reduce the number of colds, the duration of colds, the number of school absences, and antibiotic use! Many different probiotic products are available, and specific strains can provide different health benefits. Currently, there is the most evidence for Lactobacillus Rhamsnosus to prevent colds and diarrheal illnesses. 

How to get it: 

  • Food: Probiotics are present in fermented foods like yogurt and can provide many benefits for health and a happy gut. 
  • Supplements: In order to get specific strains for particular health benefits, the best source is a supplement. A general recommendation is to choose probiotic products with at least 1 billion colony-forming units (cfus.) To help prevent colds and diarrheal illnesses, look specifically for products containing Lactobacillus Rhamsnosus. 

Safety: Side effects are minor and include mild GI symptoms. Probiotics are safe for most people, but consult your physician if you or your child has a severe or chronic medical condition that affects the immune system.

References:

Echinacea

What is it?

Echinacea is a flower and popular herbal remedy.

How does it boost the immune system?

Studies show echinacea may help prevent colds and reduce complications of colds such as pneumonia and ear infections.

How to get it: 

  • Supplements: You can get echinacea from many different types of supplements. Studies have looked at various doses and formulations of echinacea, making it hard to compare results. 

Safety: Echinacea is safe for most people, but there is a slight risk of an allergic reaction or rash. 

References:

Immune boosting supplements to help recover faster

 

Zinc:

What is it?

Zinc is a mineral and an essential nutrient, meaning the body can’t store it and must get it in our diet or from supplements. It plays a role in many physiological processes, including immune function.

How does it boost the immune system?

Research shows that taking Zinc may lower the number of colds and pneumonia. In addition, when taken within 24 hours of the start of symptoms, it also decreases the duration and severity of the common cold!

How to get it: 

  • Food: Foods like meat, shellfish, and legumes contain Zinc. 
  • Supplements: Some studies show the best results with 20mg a day supplement for immune benefits. 

Safety: Zinc is safe for most people! However, side effects can include mild GI upset and bad taste. In addition, we recommend avoiding intranasal forms like nasal sprays or swabs because they have caused permanent loss of smell in some people. 

References:

 

Elderberry:

What is it? 

Elderberry is a fruit from the Elderberry Tree.

How does it boost the immune system?

Studies have shown promising evidence that Elderberry can shorten the length and severity of cold and flu symptoms. 

How to get it: 

  • Directly: You could consume Elderberries directly with likely the same benefits. However, certain parts of the plant can be toxic and cause stomach upset, so proper preparation is important for safety.
  • Supplements: Supplements are most likely the most efficient and safest way to get immune benefits. Many elderberry products are now available. Studies have included a range of doses, but most have shown the best results with 600 – 1000mg a day.

Safety: Elderberry is safe for most people! No harmful effects have been reported from taking Elderberry supplements. However, as mentioned, certain parts of the plant can be toxic. If it is prepared improperly or if too much is consumed, it can cause GI symptoms. 

References:

Vitamin C: 

What is it?

Vitamin C is an essential vitamin meaning the body can’t store it, so you must get it from your diet or supplements. It is an antioxidant and plays a vital role in immune health, healing, and building blood vessels, cartilage, and bone. 

How does it boost the immune system?

Studies show Vitamin C can decrease the duration and severity of cold symptoms.

How to get it: 

  • Foods: Vitamin C is found in citrus fruits, berries, potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli and spinach.
  • Supplements: It is possible to get adequate Vitamin C from a diverse, healthy diet. However, you may be able to get extra immune benefits if you supplement your intake. Studies have shown doses of 1-2g a day have the best results.

Safety: Vitamin C is considered safe for most people; however, high doses can cause digestive distress like diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps.

References:

 

At ZenOsa we are committed to using science to create natural remedies that actually work! For example, our natural cough syrups contain Elderberry, Zinc, and Vitamin C, all shown to help you recover faster from colds and the flu! We included vitamin D as well since we are more likely to be low in the winter months, and a little boost may help prevent recurrent infections. We wanted to include all of the most beneficial ingredients in one product, so you don’t have to give your child multiple things! Check them out here!

And we have more good news; in the pipeline at ZenOsa are our new daily immune boost supplements for kids and babies to help them stay healthy! They include science-backed ingredients that help prevent common illnesses like colds and stomach bugs. These include probiotics (Lactobacillus Rhamsnosus,) Zinc, Echinacea, and Vitamin D. We hope to launch this fall, so make sure you’re on our email list and stay tuned!

 

Mom holding spoonfull of medicine for kid seated nearby.
25 Mar
babies, children, germ woes

5 tips on how to give medicines to kids

Giving medicine to kids and babies can feel impossible! But, with our 5 simple tips, giving medications to even the wiggliest little ones is doable.

 

1. Keep it positive!
Try to avoid creating a negative association.
  • If we need to give medicines, our little one is already not feeling well. If we abruptly hold them down and forcefully squirt medicine in the back of their throats when they are already upset, they are unlikely to feel like cooperating. They also won’t be very excited about getting treatment the next time.
  • Try to give the medicine when you and your child are calm. Some protesting may be unavoidable, but do what you can to make them comfortable before you start. Try to tell them in a calming voice what you are doing beforehand. For tiny babies, swaddle them and get them nice and cozy before giving the medication.

 

2. Be prepared.

Get everything ready before you start.
  • You don’t want to be scrambling to open a medicine bottle while holding a squirmy baby.
  • What do you need?
    • Double-check your dose, draw up the right amount of medicine beforehand and set it in a spot you can easily reach.
  • Call in backup if you need it.
  • Even tiny babies can be tough to keep still, and having an extra set of hands to help with holding the baby or handling the medication can make things go a lot smoother.

 

3. Master your technique.

Yes, there is a technique!
  • What not to do:
    • Squirting the medicine straight in at once usually ends up with them spitting it out or gagging on it.
  • What to do:
    • Slide the dropper or oral syringe inside the mouth, along the inside of one cheek. Squirt a small amount of medicine to the back of the cheek and listen for a swallow. Repeat until you give the whole volume.
    • You can even let them suck on the oral syringe if they like the taste.

 

4. A spoonful of honey helps the medicine go down!

Offer something yummy and comforting after the medication, like a breastfeed or bottle to soothe and help wash it down.
  • For toddlers, you can offer something tasty like honey (only if your child is over age 1,) diluted juice, Pedialyte, or even a popsicle.
  • As a bonus, offering your child extra fluids will help them stay hydrated, which is always important when they’re sick!

 

5. What if they spit it out?

Sometimes even with the best technique, your little one will spit that medicine right out.
  • If it is relatively immediate (less than 30 minutes):
    • If it is close to the total amount, repeat the steps above and give another dose.

 

  • If it has been more than 30 minutes and they vomit:
    • They have likely absorbed some of the medicine, so it is best to wait until it is time to give another dose.
    • In the case of fever/pain remedies, you may be able to provide a different medication instead.
    • Acetaminophen and Ibuprofen work differently and are safe together, so if your child has vomited after administering one and still has symptoms, you can give the other.

 

child blowing her nose with winter clothes
02 Mar
babies, children, germ woes

Cold and Flu Home Remedies for Kid

One of the most frequent questions we get from parents in our pediatrics office is “what are the best cold and flu home remedies?” Although it comes around every year, cold and flu season can still bring stress and sleepless nights. If your child is in daycare or school, it can feel like the colds are nonstop from fall through spring. Even though we can’t eliminate those nasty viruses, we can give you the inside scoop on our favorite cold and flu season home remedies. Read on to learn what we stock our medicine cabinets with as pediatrician moms!

Stuffy Noses

Nasal saline spray or drops– help loosen up nasal congestion and soothe dry, irritated nasal passages.

  • We recommend 1 spray in each nostril or 1-2 drops in each nostril.

 

Snot sucker (nasal aspirator) – just like it sounds, these are devices designed to help suck the mucous out of your baby or child’s nose since they can’t yet blow their noses effectively.

  • There are many different types, but we recommend one that comes apart entirely so you can clean it well. The bulb suctions you get in the hospital for your newborn are ok for a few uses but are difficult to clean thoroughly, so we recommend replacing them pretty quickly.
  • Nasal suction works best after nasal saline drops or spray to loosen the congestion.

 

Humidifier – adding moisture to the air can help loosen nasal congestion and soothe dry coughs.

  • There are many great options out there! Be sure to use them as directed and clean regularly to avoid mold and germs.

 

Gentle face wipes or tissues with aloe – runny noses can be constant, and continuous wiping can irritate little noses.

  • We recommend soft tissues with aloe or unscented wet wipes that contain mostly water.

 

Fevers and discomfort

 

Fever and pain medicines – Fevers are one of the body’s ways of fighting off infection. They don’t always need treatment, but if they are making your child feel poorly or not eating or drinking well, treating the fever can help them feel better. If they have pain from body aches or a sore throat these medicines can provide some relief.

  • Acetaminophen is the only safe option for pain and fever medication for babies under six months.
  • Ibuprofen is a pain reliever and fever medication that decreases inflammation and is safe to give after six months of age.
  • For more information about fevers, check out our article, Fever FAQ.

 

Coughs and Scratchy Throats

Natural cough syrups – conventional cough medicines typically contain dextromethorphan, which is not safe in children under six. They are also not as effective as some natural remedies such as honey. I bet you can guess our go-to’s for natural cough medicine for our kids!

  • ZenOsa’s Organic Children’s Cough Syrup – has delicious organic honey, which soothes the throat and decreases cough. Honey is only safe for children over one year.
  • ZenOsa’s Organic Baby Cough Syrup – is safe for babies less than one year of age and contains monk fruit instead of honey.
  • Both of our formulations contain powerful immune-boosting vitamins to help your child recover faster!

 

Menthol Chest Rub – for children over age two apply a mentholated chest rub over their chest and neck to help relieve symptoms of cough. If your child has sensitive skin test a small patch of skin before applying liberally.

 

Liquids – Helping your child drink plenty of fluids helps to avoid dehydration and can thin out mucous that causes stuffy noses and coughs.

  • Water
  • Pedialyte
  • Diluted juice (half juice/half water)
  • Popsicles

 

Vitamins

Immune supporting vitamins – there is evidence that certain supplements can help cold symptoms resolve faster!

  • ZenOsa’s cough syrup formulations contain the recommended immune-boosting ingredients, so you don’t have to give multiple medications; parenting win!
  • We recommend elderberry, zinc, vitamin c, and vitamin d to help your little one recover sooner!

 

 

We hope these effective home remedies help you get through cold and flu season with a little less worry. As always, if you have questions or concerns about your child’s health, be sure to discuss them with your pediatrician! Best of luck this cold and flu season!

 

Brown medicine bottle with medicine dropper containing a honey colored liquid.
02 Mar
babies, children, parenting zen, staying healthy

Is Natural the Same as Organic?

Is Natural the Same as Organic?

 

There is a growing demand for organic and natural products amongst savvy consumers. However, brands can use these terms on their labels differently, and it can be unclear. Customers may be unsure whether natural is the same as organic or whether it even matters! We are big fans of natural, organic ingredients at ZenOsa, but it is important to know that “natural” doesn’t always mean better! Read on for more info on what it means for a product to claim it is “natural” and what to look for if you want to make sure that you are an informed consumer!

 

What does it mean if a product says it is “natural?”

A product saying “Natural” is fine, but the truth is, it doesn’t tell you much by itself! The word “natural” doesn’t have a clear legal definition or require a special certification. If this is important to you, you can be a savvy consumer by checking the label for what specific ingredients are listed. Pay attention to how transparent the company is about what is and isn’t in the product. For example, brands can list “natural flavors” as an ingredient without clarifying what that means. This term is loosely regulated and can contain >100 different chemicals that companies are not required to disclose.

 

Are natural products automatically safer?

Not necessarily! Natural doesn’t mean that the product doesn’t potentially include harmful things that could cause adverse or allergic reactions. Beware of vague or misleading ingredients. Supplements generally are also more loosely regulated than other types of medications. Therefore, you want to make sure you research, check labels and choose brands you trust! 

 

What does it mean if a product says it is “organic?”

Organic ingredients have to meet strict guidelines about how the producers grow and source them. A product must contain at least 95% organic ingredients overall to get a USDA Certified Organic seal. We chose to offer certified organic products because this certification holds brands accountable for higher quality and sustainability standards throughout the production process; from growing and sourcing ingredients through manufacturing and production. Choosing certified organic to us means choosing the safest option for our planet and our kids, a no brainer!

 

The ZenOsa Difference:

Natural

But we mean it! At ZenOsa, when we say “natural,” we mean our ingredients come from nature and that our products are drug-free and contain no artificial flavors or colors.

Organic

Our products are USDA certified organic, so you can be sure they are of the highest quality and standards.

Safe

As Pediatrician Moms, we created our formulas with the help of a team of physician-scientists who use the latest scientific evidence to support their efficacy and safety. Our products are also drug-free, gluten-free, dairy-free, and alcohol-free.

Transparent 

We formulate our products using simple ingredients backed by science. We are committed to clearly listing every ingredient in our products so that you, our consumers, can make an informed choice. We even take it a step further, and when we use something in our products, we want you to know why! So if we use it, you can be sure that it is not only safe, but it is there for a reason. Check out our learn more page for more info about each of our ingredients and shop for ZenOsa products here.

Read more about our choices regarding organic ingredients on our faq page, here. For more information on USDA organic certification requirements head to the USDA website. To deep dive into what labeling requirements are in place by the FDA for food and dietary substances, read more here.

In summary, some excellent natural ingredients can be great for our health! However, natural products aren’t automatically better. There is a growing body of research studying which natural remedies and supplements have scientifically proven benefits and which do not. Choose companies that back up their ingredients with science and tell you the whole story about what is in their products!